How to Use a Defibrillator (AED) in an Emergency

Imagine this: you’re at the gym, in a park, or perhaps at a family gathering when suddenly, someone collapses. They aren’t breathing, and their heart has stopped. In these critical moments, knowing how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) could mean the difference between life and death. But are you prepared? If you’ve ever searched for “first aid & CPR classes near me” or wondered, “What can I learn in a first aid course near me?”—you’re already on the right path. Understanding how to operate an AED is one of the most crucial skills taught in these classes and could be vital in saving a life.

In the fast-paced world we live in, emergencies can happen anywhere, anytime. Whether you’re in a crowded public space or at home, knowing how to handle a sudden cardiac arrest with the help of an AED can significantly increase someone’s chances of survival. In this guide, we’ll break down how to use an AED step by step, offering you life-saving knowledge that could empower you to act confidently in a crisis.

With a growing number of public places equipped with AEDs and access to quality first aid training readily available, there’s no reason not to equip yourself with these essential skills. So, let’s dive into everything you need to know about using an AED effectively during an emergency. Read on to learn the steps that could turn you from a bystander into a hero.

What are AEDs and Why Is It Important

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable, life-saving device used to treat individuals experiencing sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating due to an electrical disturbance in the heart. AEDs analyse the heart’s rhythm and, if necessary, deliver an electric shock (defibrillation) to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm.

Cardiac arrest can happen to anyone at any time, and it often occurs without warning. In these situations, time is of the essence—every minute that passes without defibrillation decreases the chance of survival by about 10%. Using an AED within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest can significantly improve survival rates, making it a crucial tool for first responders and bystanders alike.

The Link Between First Aid Training and AED Use

The ability to use an AED properly is often taught in conjunction with CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training. By learning CPR, you are not only gaining knowledge of basic first aid but also learning the correct procedure for operating an AED. Combining CPR with AED use offers the best chance for survival in cardiac emergencies.

Courses that provide first aid and CPR training typically cover a range of emergency scenarios, including how to handle choking, bleeding, burns, and more. AED training, however, is one of the most critical components, as it deals specifically with life-threatening cardiac arrest situations.

Understanding the Basics of a Defibrillator (AED)

Before diving into the step-by-step process of using an AED, it’s important to understand the basic components of the device and how it works:

• Electrodes/Pads: These adhesive pads are placed on the chest of the patient and are connected to the AED device. They detect the heart’s electrical activity and deliver shocks if needed.
• Control Panel: This is the interface of the AED, usually with visual and audio instructions to guide users. The control panel often includes a button to administer the shock.
• Battery: AEDs are powered by a battery that needs to be regularly checked to ensure the device is ready for use at all times.
• Automatic vs. Semi-Automatic AEDs: Some AEDs automatically deliver the shock when needed, while others require the user to press a button after the device prompts the action.

Recognizing Cardiac Arrest

Before using an AED, it’s critical to recognize the signs of cardiac arrest, which often include sudden collapse or unresponsiveness, no pulse or signs of circulation, abnormal or absent breathing, seizure-like movements or gasping. 

If you suspect someone is in cardiac arrest, follow these steps:

Check Responsiveness: Shake the person gently and shout to see if they respond. If there is no response, immediately call for help.

Call Emergency Services: Dial emergency services and inform them of the situation. They may provide additional instructions while paramedics are en route.

Start CPR: Begin CPR if you are trained, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Administer rescue breaths if you’re trained to do so.

Once you have initiated these steps, you’re ready to use an AED if one is available.

How to Use an AED in an Emergency: Step-by-Step Guide

Now that the groundwork laid, let’s get into the specific steps for using an AED in an emergency. While AEDs are design to guide users through the process with visual and audio prompts, it’s essential to understand each step clearly.

Step 1: Turn on the AED

Most AEDs are designe to be user-friendly and intuitive. Once you retrieve the AED, the first step is to turn it on. The device will either have a power button or will turn on automatically once you open the lid. Once the AED is powere on, it will start providing voice instructions.

Step 2: Expose the Patient’s Chest

To properly place the AED pads, you need to expose the patient’s chest. Remove any clothing, including undergarments, to allow the pads to adhere directly to the skin. If the chest is wet, wipe it dry to ensure the pads stick properly and the AED can detect the heart’s rhythm.

Step 3: Attach the AED Pads

Most AEDs come with two adhesive pads that need to be place on the patient’s chest. Follow the visual guides on the pads for correct placement:

Place one pad on the upper right side of the chest, just below the collarbone.

Place the second pad on the lower left side of the chest, just under the armpit.

These placements are crucial because they allow the AED to send a shock through the heart.

Step 4: Allow the AED to Analyse

Once the pads are in place, the AED will automatically analyse the patient’s heart rhythm to determine if a shock is necessary. Make sure no one is touching the patient during this time, as it can interfere with the analysis.

The AED will either advise a shock or indicate that no shock is need. If no shock is advise, continue with CPR until emergency services arrive.

Step 5: Deliver the Shock if Advised

If the AED determines that a shock is need, it will prompt you to press a button to deliver the shock (in the case of semi-automatic AEDs). Ensure that no one is touching the patient and loudly state, “Clear!” before pressing the shock button.

After the shock is delivere, the AED will re-analyze the heart rhythm and may prompt you to continue CPR. Follow the AED’s instructions and continue providing care until professional medical help arrives.

Step 6: Continue CPR

Even after delivering a shock, it is critical to continue performing CPR if the person does not regain consciousness or show signs of breathing. The AED will periodically re-analyze the heart rhythm and may advise additional shocks if necessary.

Keep providing CPR and following the AED’s instructions until emergency medical responders take over.

In a cardiac arrest situation, every minute counts, and knowing how to use an AED can save a life. AEDs are design to be simple to operate, even for those without extensive medical training, but proper first aid training will help you stay calm and focused during a real-life emergency. The combination of CPR and defibrillation provides the best chance of survival for someone experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, underscoring the critical importance of both skills in any first responder’s toolkit.

By learning how to use an AED and obtaining proper first aid training, you’re not just preparing yourself for an emergency—you’re taking an active step in safeguarding the health and well-being of those around you. So, take the time to enrol in first aid and CPR and arm yourself with the knowledge that could one day save a life.